A significant rise in pedestrian deaths across America has created a public safety crisis, with new data showing pedestrian fatalities have increased 48% since 2014.

According to a new study by Bader Law, this alarming trend is driven by two primary factors: an increasing number of speeding vehicles and the growing popularity of larger vehicles with dangerous high front-end designs.

Despite a slight decrease from 2023, drivers still killed 3,304 pedestrians during the first half of 2024 — more than 1,000 additional deaths compared to the same period in 2014.

Speed and Size Create a Deadly Mix

The research reveals how vehicle speed dramatically increases the risk to pedestrians:

• At 24 km/h, pedestrians face a 10% chance of serious injury.
• At 35 km/h, that risk jumps to 50% for moderate-to-fatal injuries.
• At 68 km/h, there is a 50% likelihood of death upon impact.

Vehicle size further compounds this danger. SUVs and pickup trucks are up to three times more likely to kill pedestrians than smaller passenger vehicles. This is primarily because their high hoods strike the torso, above the center of gravity, often throwing victims forward into the path of the vehicle.

This issue is magnified by the rapid growth in large vehicle sales: by 2022, SUVs, vans, and pickups accounted for 79% of new vehicle sales in the U.S., up from just 50% a decade earlier.

States with the Highest Pedestrian Death Rates

Several states stand out for having exceptionally high pedestrian fatality rates (per 100,000 residents):

• New Mexico – 2.07
• Mississippi – 1.94
• Nevada – 1.90
• District of Columbia – 1.85
• Arizona – 1.74
• Florida & Louisiana – 1.57
• South Carolina – 1.44
• Alabama – 1.32
• Delaware & North Carolina – 1.24

States with major year-over-year increases from 2023 to 2024 include:

• Nebraska – +150%
• Connecticut – +56.5%
• Missouri – +46.1%

States with the Lowest Pedestrian Death Rates

Conversely, these states recorded the lowest fatality rates:

• Montana – 0.18
• Idaho – 0.20
• New Hampshire – 0.21
• North Dakota – 0.25
• Rhode Island – 0.27
• Maine & Minnesota – 0.28
• South Dakota – 0.32
• Utah – 0.37
• West Virginia – 0.40
• Vermont & Iowa – 0.46

Some of these states also saw major year-over-year improvements in 2024:

• Montana – down 71.4%
• New Hampshire – down 66.7%
• Idaho – down 55.6%

Solutions to the Pedestrian Safety Crisis

Experts point to a number of safety interventions to curb fatalities:

• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Reduces crashes by 27% and serious injuries by up to 87% by automatically braking when a collision is imminent.
• Lower speed limits in pedestrian-heavy zones.
• Traffic calming measures like speed humps, curb extensions, and raised crosswalks.

“Every day, 18 people don’t return home after taking a walk. That’s unacceptable,” said Jonathan Adkins, CEO of the Governors Highway Safety Association.

The Urgent Need for Change

The study underscores that larger vehicles traveling at high speeds present the greatest threat to pedestrians. While the national pedestrian fatality rate now stands at 0.97 deaths per 100,000, it remains substantially higher than a decade ago.

In 2022, speeding was involved in 29% of all traffic deaths, contributing to 12,151 fatalities an average of 33 people per day.

Without decisive action on vehicle design, speed control, and urban infrastructure, the crisis on American roads will persist and more lives will be lost unnecessarily.

When it comes to producing high-quality food and beverages, the removal of impurities and unwanted colors is essential. One of the most effective tools for achieving this is food grade activated carbon. This versatile material plays a critical role in decolorization and purification processes, ensuring that food and beverage products meet the strict standards of purity and appearance demanded by consumers and regulatory bodies alike.

In this article, we’ll explore what food grade activated carbon is, how it works, and the various ways it contributes to the decolorization and purification of food and beverage products.

Understanding Food Grade Activated Carbon

Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to have an incredibly high surface area and porosity. This porous structure gives it the ability to adsorb a wide range of substances, including impurities, pigments, and unwanted flavors.

Food grade activated carbon is produced specifically for use in food and beverage applications. It meets stringent safety and purity requirements, ensuring that it does not introduce harmful substances into the products it helps purify. This type of activated carbon is manufactured from high-quality raw materials such as coconut shells, wood, or coal, and undergoes rigorous testing to ensure compliance with food safety standards.

The Science Behind Decolorization

Color is a critical attribute in many food and beverage products, affecting not only the visual appeal but also the perception of quality. However, during production, various pigments and impurities can affect the final product’s color. This is where food grade activated carbon comes into play.

The high surface area and porous structure of activated carbon enable it to adsorb color-causing compounds. These compounds, such as polyphenols, tannins, and other natural or synthetic colorants, can create unwanted shades in products ranging from sugar syrups to fruit juices. By using activated carbon, manufacturers can remove these colorants, resulting in a cleaner, more transparent product that appeals to consumers.

For example, in the production of sugar, color removal is a critical step. Unrefined sugar contains natural pigments that must be removed to produce the white, crystalline sugar commonly used in food products. Activated carbon effectively adsorbs these pigments, resulting in a high-purity, colorless product.

Purification Processes Using Food Grade Activated Carbon

Beyond decolorization, food grade activated carbon plays a vital role in purifying food and beverage products by removing unwanted impurities and contaminants. These can include:

• Odors and Flavors: Certain natural and synthetic compounds can impart undesirable tastes and smells to products. Activated carbon adsorbs these compounds, helping to maintain the product’s intended flavor profile.
  
• Toxins and Contaminants: Trace amounts of harmful substances, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, or chemical residues, can make their way into raw materials. Activated carbon captures these contaminants, reducing their concentration to safe levels.
  
• Residual Solvents: In the extraction of flavors, colors, or oils, residual solvents may be present. Activated carbon adsorbs these solvents, ensuring the product is safe for consumption.
  

These purification processes are essential not only for consumer safety but also for meeting regulatory standards. Activated carbon is used extensively in industries such as winemaking, edible oil refining, and beverage production to ensure that final products are both safe and appealing.

Key Applications in the Food and Beverage Industry

Food grade activated carbon is used in a wide variety of food and beverage applications. Some of the most notable include:

• Sugar Refining: Removing color and impurities from raw sugar to produce pure, white sugar.
  
• Juice and Beverage Clarification: Improving the appearance and flavor of fruit juices, wine, beer, and spirits by removing pigments and off-flavors.
  
• Edible Oil Purification: Eliminating undesirable compounds and odors from vegetable oils, ensuring clarity and shelf stability.
  
• Gelatin Production: Decolorizing and purifying gelatin to produce a clear, colorless product used in confections and desserts.
  
• Sweetener and Starch Processing: Purifying starch-based sweeteners to remove color, odors, and impurities that affect quality and flavor.
  

In each of these applications, the use of food grade activated carbon ensures that products not only meet the required safety standards but also deliver the desired sensory qualities that consumers expect.

Choosing the Right Activated Carbon

The effectiveness of food grade activated carbon depends on its properties, which are influenced by the raw materials used and the activation process. Key factors to consider when selecting activated carbon for food and beverage applications include:

• Particle Size: Smaller particles provide a larger surface area for adsorption but may be harder to handle in filtration systems.
  
• Pore Structure: The size and distribution of pores affect the carbon’s ability to adsorb specific molecules.
  
• Purity and Safety: Food grade carbon must meet strict safety requirements, with low levels of contaminants such as heavy metals or ash.
  

Manufacturers must choose activated carbon that is optimized for their specific application, balancing performance, handling characteristics, and safety compliance.

Regulatory Considerations and Safety

When using food grade activated carbon, it’s critical to adhere to regulatory requirements. Food safety authorities such as the FDA in the United States and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) set strict limits on the types and levels of contaminants that can be present in food-grade processing aids.

Quality assurance is essential. Manufacturers of activated carbon must follow stringent production processes, and end users should conduct regular testing to ensure compliance. This commitment to quality and safety helps protect consumers and maintain the integrity of the food supply chain.

Emerging Trends and Innovations

As the demand for cleaner, safer food and beverages grows, the role of activated carbon is evolving. Innovations include the development of activated carbons with tailored pore structures and surface chemistries, designed to target specific impurities with greater efficiency. Advances in manufacturing techniques are also leading to more sustainable and eco-friendly forms of activated carbon, such as those made from renewable raw materials like coconut shells.

In addition, the use of activated carbon is expanding beyond traditional applications. For example, it is increasingly used in the processing of plant-based beverages, herbal extracts, and functional ingredients where purity and clarity are essential. As consumer preferences shift toward natural and minimally processed products, activated carbon will continue to play a crucial role in meeting these expectations.

The Future of Purification in Food and Beverage Processing

Food grade activated carbon will remain an indispensable tool in the food and beverage industry. Its ability to remove color, purify, and improve product quality makes it a key component in modern processing practices. As regulatory standards tighten and consumer expectations rise, the demand for high-performance activated carbon solutions will only increase.

For businesses involved in food and beverage production, understanding the role of food grade activated carbon and staying informed about best practices for its use is essential. By leveraging this versatile material effectively, producers can ensure that their products are not only safe and compliant but also deliver the exceptional quality and clarity that today’s consumers demand.

20% of people in the United States have an STI, making STIs common.  With this in mind, it is important to understand your risk, as well as how to protect yourself from infection.  Many factors can influence your risk of getting an STI, such as your background and sexual behaviors.  Luckily, there are also many preventative actions you can take to stay safe. 

Your background, whether it be your ethnicity or your income, contributes to your likelihood of contracting certain STIs.  For example, Hispanic/Latino and white people are more likely to get syphilis than gonorrhea, whereas black people are more likely to get gonorrhea than syphilis.  

When it comes to income, studies suggest that people with lower incomes are at a higher risk for STIs.  More specifically, research shows that people without health insurance, people who use public transportation, and people living below the poverty line are more likely to report an STI. 

Additionally, engaging in behaviors such as unprotected sex can increase your risk.  Other risky behaviors include using dating apps, sleeping with multiple people, and not using sufficient protection. 

Although everyone has different risk levels, there are prevention methods that are effective across the board.  For example, testing for STIs before sexual activity reduces your risk by 99.8%.  Using internal and external condoms reduces your risk by 98%.  Taking advantage of preventative options is vital when it comes to protecting yourself against STIs, no matter your personal risk.